Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are more frequent and severe than typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development.

The evolving understanding of ADHD has significantly impacted clinical practice and research directions. Clinicians now adopt a more integrated approach in diagnosis and treatment, considering the individual's life context, comorbid conditions, and unique symptom presentation. In research, there is an increasing focus on identifying endophenotypes, exploring non-pharmacological interventions, and understanding the long-term outcomes of those living with ADHD.